Pre clovis pdf

Download Download PDF. Translate PDF. It's a weird feeling, he says, A handful of archaeological sites across the Americas are modern-day to be "putting a career of 30 years on the battlegrounds, where iconoclastic researchers struggle to prove their table. He explains: "I unique. Today, advocates of pre-Clovis im- ago. But Clovis level: small blades of chert, chiseled MonteVerde in SouthernChile-that points Goodyear says his career stone "burins" or nee- to a very early human presence see map.

His team found pear to be winning converts. Says archaeol- As Goodyear tells it, no biface tools or charcoal ogist David Meltzer of Southern Methodist in May his team got for dating, which would University in Dallas, Texas: "The gates have flooded out by the Savan- make the artifacts more been thrown open" to new ideas.

But Steven All the same, Goodyear and his fellow meters southwest of Columbia. Here, Goodyear and his volunteers dug deep, beyond a archaeologists have long con- sidered the first human occupa- tion of the Americas see side- bar on p.

Gregarious and a known to fiends as pork barbecue charnpi- on of Goodyear was not looking for con- troversy, and he says he expected no traces of human activity at this depth. Like many of his peers, he believed that Haynes Jr. These Tidings haven't other skeptics have challenged pre-Clovis fore the present BP. A close look at a few of the Clovis artifacts had been found at more than they questionis whether the stone pieces were most important and controversial sites il- made by humans. Adovasio says that this formal tome is Cross Creek, a tributary of the Ohio River, still in progress, but that he and his col- although it still has skeptics-is Monte this shelter was a popular camping spot for leagues have already answered questions in Verde, in south-central Chile.

It took 2 people exploring America's East Coast, says "thousands of pages" in 85 reports. Early versity of Kentucky, Lexington, campaigned tute at Mercyhurst College in Erie, Pennsyl- on, Haynes and others suggested that the hard to win converts. His work centers on vania. Meadowcroft, enclosed at the back, Meadowcroft samples might be contami- what appears to be an ancient dwelling in an has a commanding view of the landscape, ac- nated with coal particles or dissolved car- upland bog 56 kilometers from the Pacific cess to fresh water, a high roof that allows bon in groundwater, tipping the results to- coast.

Beside a small creek, Dillehay and his smoke to escape, a southern exposure for ward older dates. The scenario is plausible, group unearthed the remains of several prim- warmth, and a floor that stays dry all year, 15 because the area was once strip-mined for itive structures, stone and wood implements, meters above the nearby creek.

And radio- coal. Noting that soluble carbons removed fire pits, and chewed plant cuds. The quanti- carbon dates from the deepest occupation lev- from a sample before testing were older ty of evidence is massive, but the carbon el are more than 19, years old-far older than the residue itself, Haynes suggests dates were controversial: Some reviewers than the Clovis time barrier. He says nearly a kilometer from the In , Dillehay invited a panel of well- he came to Meadowcroft in the shelter and that every sample known archaeologists to the site, handing early s because it was a was checked for coal.

Just two each of them a bulky site report published by good place to train students. At of 11 samples had unusually his sponsor, the Smithsonian Institution. The first, says Adovasio, "I guessed ancient soluble fractions of members responded with a unanimous vote human occupation might go carbon, Adovasio says, calling of confidence Science, 28 February , back to or years it an anomaly. For 2 decades p. Even Haynes, who felt he was in- BP.

Adovasio's calls "pathological" skepti- cepted the early date. In , he was vin- Clovis dwellings. It also helped that Clovis- can be quite a taskmaster," says dicated by an independent in- contemporary or pre-Clovis sites have Meltzer, and indeed the rock vestigator, geomorphologist popped up in Venezuela and Brazil Science, shelter's immaculate interior Paul Goldberg of Boston Uni- 19 April , pp.

Considering all -now protected by a wooden versity. After microscopically the evidence, Meltzer adds, "it's striking that structure and wired with inspecting 25 samples from there's so much material at 11, years BP floodlights-is dotted every- six layers at Meadowcroft, -- -.

Goldberg and his colleague been there a long time. In , archaeologist Stuart stone flakes and objects, tivity could be seen.

Fiedel found many glitches, noting for bon dates associated with the Adovasio isn't interested. He example that key artifacts were described materials; today, 52 dates have been pub- says he informed Haynes in the taverna at the as being unearthed in different locations lished. Adovasio says they line up in elegant MonteVerde meeting 3 years ago: "I will nev- Science, 22 October , p.

Al- order, the oldest in sterile clay and shale at er run another date you have asked me for, be- the bottom 3 1, years BP and the cause, since ,we've addressed every crit- ap view wasMeltzer though and others say Fiedel's re- nitpicking and unfair, it had an im- youngest at the top years BP.

There icism anyone has raised. I've spent half my pact. Haynes again began to raise questions are only four "reversals" in the column, life on this. All four such flip-flops have dates of While critics wait for Meadowcroft's site re- k less than years ago.

If Monte Verde has earned respect, although nounced Adovasio says, they drew a "bar- on a site called Cactus Hill, about 72 kilo- g not wholehearted acceptance, another veter- rage of criticism.

Its fate-3 decades of bitter ar- others still have reservations. They point out and the only one for which a full site report 6 gument over its antiquity and credibility- that Adovasio has not published a final site is available. Clovis First At depth, they found layers containing pro- As some investigators struggle t o prove the great antiquity of a smattering of archaeo- jectile points of successively greater age, logical sites in the Americas see main text , they face a powerful and entrenched theo- including some of the fluted Clovis type.

For decades, archaeologists have agreed that the first t o discover the Americas were At the lowest level just above sterile clay, the Clovis hunters, who crossed a land bridge from Siberia t o Alaska and chased game they found a scraper, small stone blades, south into the Great PLains.

Before that, the theory goes, "there was nobody home" in ei- and a quartzite core from which blades ther North or South America, as archaeologist A1 Goodyear of the University of South were struck. Charcoal from this layer sug- Carolina, Columbia, puts it.

Comments from Haynes Jr. Fluted projectile points: their age and dispersion. Elephant hunting in North America. Morrow wishes to thank Tom Green, e In: Wormington, H. Nevada State Museum, Carson City, pp. Haynes Jr. The earliest Americans. Contributions of radiocarbon dating to the geochronology of References the peopling of the New World. In: Taylor, R. Springer- Adovasio, J. Excavations at Mead- Verlag, New York, pp. Pennsylvania Archaeologist Haynes Jr.

Clovis-Folsom geochronology and climatic change. In: 45, 1e Soffer, O. Indian Adaptations. Plenum Press, New York, pp. Meadowcroft Rockshelter. In: Bryan, Alan Ed.

The Early Settlement of North America. Cambridge University Perspective. Occasional Papers No. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Press, Cambridge. Hofman, J. Adovasio, J. No vestige of a begin- Current Anthropology 27, e The evolution of Paleoindian geochronology and typology on the shelter. In: Bonnichsen, R. Geoarchaeology 15, e The soil-evolution model as a framework Corvallis, pp.

In: Lasca, N. The Gault Site, Clovis Reconsidered. Donohue, J. Boulder, Colorado, pp. Brantingham, P. Modeling post- Johnson, D. Journal of Anthropological lished Ph. University of Michigan, Cat. Collins, M. The Gault site, Texas, and Clovis Research. In: Athena Review Vol. Peopling of the Southeast. Paper presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Davis, E.

Lakes Country. Series Johnson, E. The taphonomy of mammoth localities in southeastern Wis- 29, Los Angeles. Quaternary International , 58e Dickinson, W. Quaternary International e Dillehay, T. Reply to Fiedel, Part I. In: Special Report: Monte Revisited. Joyce, D. Chronology and new research on the Shaefer mammoth? Mam- Discovering Archaeology, vol. Quaternary Inter- Dillehay, T.

Palaeoenvironment and Site Context, vol. Smithsonian Institution Press, Julig, P. Canadian Dillehay, T. The Museum of Civilization, Toronto.

Archaeological Context and Interpretation, vol. Szi, Morgan, C. Vertisol crack extent associated Washington, D. Soil Science Society Dillehay, T. Palaeoenvironment and Site Context, Errata, vol. Smithsonian Institution Kornfeld, M.

McKean site testing: general results. Press, Washington, D. In: Kornfeld, M. Center for Environmental Archaeology, Archaeology, Number 5. Laramie, Wyoming, pp. University of North Texas. Kuehn, S. Fiedel, S. Lee, R. Amer- Fiedel, S. Artifact Provenience at Monte Verde: confusion and contradic- ican Antiquity 20, e Discovering Archaeology, 1 6 , Lee, R. The second Sheguiandah expedition, Manitoulin Island, Ontario. American Antiquity 21, 63e Archaeology of Tule Springs.

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University of South Carolina, Columbia. Villa, P. Exploring the Clovis-Gainey-Folsom Continuum. Journal of Archaeological Science 10, e In: Clark, John E. Lithic Technology Special Publication No. Morrow, J. Unpublished Keene, J. Wiederhold, J. Friedkin site, Texas. In: Odell, G. Waters, M. Cappelini, E. Evolution of soils on Quaternary reef terraces of Barbados, West b. Quaternary Research 56, 55e Site, Washington. Nielsen, A. Trampling the archaeological record: an experimental study.

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